Open Scholarship & Open Science

Open scholarship is the movement to make scientific research and its dissemination accessible to the scientific community and beyond. It is built on transparency, inclusion, correctness, fairness and sharing.

Open Scholarship is sometimes referred to as Open Science or Open Research, but there are differences between these terms depending on context.

1. Open Scholarship: This is the broadest term and refers to the overall movement of applying open practices across all areas of academia, including research, teaching, and learning. It involves making scholarly work more transparent, accessible, and collaborative. It includes activities like open access publishing, open data, open educational resources (OER), and open peer review.
2. Open Science: This is a subset of Open Scholarship focused specifically on making scientific research and its outputs (data, publications, methodologies) open, transparent, and accessible. It's particularly concerned with the sharing of scientific data, methods, findings, and collaboration in scientific fields.
3. Open Research: This term is sometimes used interchangeably with Open Science, as it focuses specifically on making the research process (from data collection to publication) open and accessible to everyone. It includes practices like open peer review, open data sharing, and open methodologies.

Open Scholarship encompasses all academic and research practices whereas Open Science is specific to scientific research practices,.Both involve applying the principles of openness throughout the research and academic fields. "To make things clearer, we will use the term 'OS' to refer to both Open Scholarship and Open Science, encompassing all academic and research practices that follow the principles of openness in research and academia."

Practising OS means sharing research outputs (such as research protocols, methodology, data, and publications) as quickly as possible in the research process in a way that permits access and reuse by others.

The principles of Open Science are based on 8 pillars, as defined by the European Commission illustrate the broad scope of Open Science, as recommended by the Open Science Policy Platform:

1. Future of Scholarly Communication
2. EOSC (European Open Science Cloud)
3. FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable data) 
4. Skills
5. Research Integrity
6. Rewards
7. Altmetrics
8. Citizen Science

The National Open Research Forum (NORF) was established in 2017 to drive the Irish agenda for open research.

"The role of NORF is to propose national actions to address the challenges of changing the Irish research system to strengthen, promote or better support open research practices as outlined in the National Framework".

https://norf.ie/

Publications: https://norf.ie/index.php/publications/ 

Foster Open Science Toolkit

These courses answer some of the most common questions you might have about putting open science into practice. Each course takes about 1-2 hours to work through and you’ll receive a badge upon completion.

British Library Scholarly Communications Toolkit

A series of introductory guides to different aspects of scholarly communications, and editable files.