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APA Style (7th ed.)

This guides shows how to reference with the APA 7th edition style

 

The APA style was created with modern word processing programs in mind. Microsoft Word and Google Docs typically have default settings that adhere to APA style. However, you might need to make a few changes before you start writing.

 

Margins

Use 1-inch (2.54 cm) margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left, and right).

Font

Use a legible font. Many fonts are acceptable, including 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 12-point Times New Roman, and 11-point Georgia.

 

  • Use the same font throughout the entire paper.
  • Write body text in standard (nonbold, nonitalic) font.
  • Use italics sparingly, for instance, to highlight a key term on first use.

 

Exceptions:

  • Figures: Within figure images, use a sans serif font (e.g. Calibri, Arial) with a type size between 8 and 14 points.
  • Computer code: To present computer code, use a monospace font such as 10-point Lucida Console or 10-point Courier New.
  • Footnotes: When inserting footnotes with the footnotes function of your word-processing program, use the default font settings. The footnote font might be smaller than the text font (and have different line spacing), and it is not necessary to change it.

Line Spacing

Use double-spacing for the entire document (including block quotations and the reference list). Do not add blank lines before or after headings. Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs. 

Paragraph alignment and Indentation

Align paragraphs of text to the left margin. Leave the right margin uneven. Do not use full justification. Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5 inch (1.27cm) using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program.

 

 

Page numbers

Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head on any page. For professional papers, the page header consists of the page number and running head (an abbreviated version of the title of your paper or the full title if the title is already short).

 

 

  • Place the title 3 or 4 lines down from the top of the title page.
  • Put an extra line between the title and the author's name.

Headings

Level

Format

1

Centered, Bold, Title case heading

(Text starts as a new paragraph)

2

Left aligned, Bold, Title case heading   

(Text starts as a new paragraph)

3

Left aligned, Bold and Italic, Title case heading

(Text starts as a new paragraph)

4

Indented, Bold, Title case heading, ending with a full stop.

(Text begins on the same line and continues as a usual paragraph).

5

Indented, Bold, Title case heading, ending with a full stop.

(Text begins on the same line and continues as a usual paragraph).

  • Check that headings accurately reflect the content in each section.
  • Start each main section with a Level 1 heading.
  • Use Level 2 headings for subsections of the introduction.
  • Use the same level of heading for sections of equal importance.
  • Avoid having only one subsection within a section (have two or more, or none).

Reference List

  • Start the Reference list at the top of a new page at the end of your document before the Appendices (if any).

  • Centre the heading "References" and make it bold.

  • Double space the entire list, both within and between entries.

  • Create a hanging indent of 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) on all reference entries. Use your Word processing program to do this (as below). Don't manually click 'enter' or use the tab keys.

 

Check Assignment Instructions

  • Remember that your lecturers' guidelines take precedence over guidelines from the APA Style.
  • Check your assignment guidelines for specific content to include in your document and to make sure that you are meeting assignment requirements.

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