There are many different types of references (e.g. books, journal articles, websites). The list below shows examples in alphabetical order of these many types of references. Click on the type you require below to bring you quickly to the one you require.
Reference Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List |
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(Economic and Social Research Institute [ESRI], 2019) |
Economic and Social Research Institute. (2019). ESRI research strategy 2019-2023. ESRI. The first time you mention the author in the in-text citation, put in the full name and abbreviation in brackets. In subsequent citations, you can use the abbreviation. |
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(Nordell, 2021) |
Nordell, J. (2021). The end of bias: can we change our minds? Granta Books. |
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Ulrich and Eppinger (2020) found that ... |
Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2020). Product design and development (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. |
| (3 or more authors) |
(Fuller et al., 2020)
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Fuller, P., Murphy, M., & Chow, A. (2020). The leader's guide to unconscious bias. Simon & Schuster. |
| (with author) | (O'Donovan & McCrea, 2015, p. 190) |
O'Donovan, D. & McCrea, J. (2015). Education and the historic house: where the past has a value for the future. In T. Dooley & C. Ridgway (Eds.), The Irish country house: Its past, present and future (pp. 184-202). Four Courts Press. |
| Book (editor) |
(Wrycraft, 2009) |
Wrycraft, N. (Ed.) (2009). Introduction to mental health nursing. Open University Press.
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| Blog |
(Hanley, 2020) |
Hanley, M. (2020, December 21). Winter solstice at Newgrange, Ireland. https://michaelhanley.ie/elearningcurve/winter-solstice-newgrange-ireland/
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| Company Report |
(Bord na Móna, 2021) |
Bord na Móna. (2021). Rethink. Renew. Restore. Annual report 2021. https://www.bordnamona.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Bord-na-Mona_Annual-Report-2021-English.pdf
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| Conference paper (book) |
(Wiseman & Sanderson, 2019) |
Wiseman, L., & Sanderson, J. (2019). Empowering farmers by resolving the trust and legal issues emerging from precision farming. In J. V. Stafford (Ed.), Precision agriculture '19 (pp. 99-106). Wageningen Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_11
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| Conference Paper (Journal) |
(Kurniadi et al., 2019)
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Kurniadi, D., Abdurachman, E., Warnars, H. & Suparta, W. (2019). A proposed framework in an intelligent recommender system for the college student. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(6), 066100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/6/066100 |
| Conference Presentation |
(Hynes, 2013) |
Hynes, S. (2013, April 9). The economics of aquatic invasive species [Paper Presentation]. Freshwater invasives – Networking for strategy conference, Galway, Ireland. http://finsconference.ie/abstracts/the-economics-of-aquatic-invasive-species/
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| Dataset |
(Health Service Executive, 2017) |
Health Service Executive. (2017). List of pharmacies in Ireland [Dataset]. https://data.gov.ie/dataset/list-of-pharmacies-in-ireland |
| Dictionary or Encyclopaedia | (Palmer, 2011) |
Palmer, A. L. (2011). Empire style. In J. Woronoff (Ed.), Historical dictionary of neoclassical art and architecture (Vol. 48). Scarecrow Press.
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| (with DOI) |
(Breslin & Leavey, 2019, Chapter 4, Section 3, para. 2) |
Breslin, G., & Leavey, G. (Eds.). (2019). Mental health and well-being interventions in sport. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315147703. |
| (with URL) |
(Iyer, 2021) |
Iyer, N. (2021). Everyday superfoods. Bloomsbury India. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/everyday-superfoods-9789389611410/
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| Exhibition | (Maguire, 2023) |
Maguire, D. (2023, January 21 - October 8). James Coleman: Still life, 2013-2016 [Exhibition]. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. https://www.nationalgallery.ie/art-and-artists/exhibitions/james-coleman-still-life-2013-2016
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(WEEE Ireland, 2022) |
WEEE Ireland. (2022, February 25). Do you have electrical, battery or lighting waste? Use our online interactive map to find your nearest Local Authority Recycling Centre where you can recycle for FREE [Facebook status update]. https://www.facebook.com/WEEEIreland/photos/a.184364671624429/5042446629149518/
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| Film | (Gerwig, 2019) |
Gerwig, G. (Director). Little Women [Film]. Columbia Pictures. |
| Government Publication |
(Department of Health, 2021) |
Department of Health. (2021). Right care, right place, right time - alternative pathways. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/932bc-right-care-right-place-right-time-alternative-pathways/
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| Image, Photo, Illustration (Print) |
(Da Vinci, 1503) |
Da Vinci, L. (1503). Mona Lisa [Painting]. The Louvre, Paris, France. https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010062370 |
| Image, illustration, photo or table (online) |
(MacEntee, 2015) |
MacEntee, S. (2015). Galway [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/smemon/15659708103 |
| (Psychology Today, 2022) |
Psychology Today [psych_today]. (2022, February 28). 9 ways to release regret [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/Cah0vc6PARz/
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| (Print) |
(Mihai, 2020) |
Mihai, E.C. (2020). Mood disorders in children due to COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology, 10(2), 147-152. |
| (Online) |
(Costello, 2020, p. 380) |
Costello, R. A. (2020). Courtroom dialogues and feminist legal theory in Irish literature. Irish Studies Review, 28(3), 370-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2020.1794316 |
| Journal Article (more than 21 authors) | (Van Overwalle et al., 2020) |
Van Overwalle, F., Manto, M., Cattaneo, Z., Clausi, S., Ferrari, C., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Guell, X., Heleven, E., Lupo, M., Ma, Q., Michelutti, M., Olivito, G., Pu, M., Rice, L. C., Schmahmann, J. D., Siciliano, L., Sokolov, A. A., Stoodley, C. J., van Dun, K., … Leggio, M. (2020). Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Social Cognition. Cerebellum, 19(6), 833–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-020-01155-1 |
| Journal Article (uses Article Numbers) |
(Brown & Beausoleil-Morrison, 2021) |
Brown, S., & Beausoleil-Morrison, I. (2021). Characterizing the performance of a passive solar house with hydronic floor energy capture system - Heating season experiments. Energy and Buildings, 252, Article 111404. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778821006885
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| Journal Articles (pre-publication) |
(Lagestad, Ropo & Bratbakk, 2021) |
Lagestad, P., Ropo, E., & Bratbakk, T. (2021). Boys' experience of physical education when their gender is in a strong minority. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 573528. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573528
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| (Online) | (Hughes, 2021) | Hughes, M. (2021). Business law [Class handout]. ATU Galway-Mayo VLE. https://vlegalwaymayo.atu.ie/
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| Magazine Article | (Goldberg, 2022) |
Goldberg, S. (2022, February 7). Why the storyteller matters as much as the story itself. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/why-the-storyteller-matters-as-much-as-the-story-itself |
| Map | (Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1999) |
Ordnance Survey of Ireland. (1999). Covering part of county Mayo [Map]. Sheet 30, 1:50,000. |
| Music | (Queen, 1976) |
Queen. (1976). Somebody to love. On A day at the Races [Song]. EMI Records.
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| (Print) | (MacKenzie, 2021) |
MacKenzie, L. (2021, March 25). Financial boost for Galway's live arts. Galway Advertiser, 8. |
| (Online) | (Murphy, 2021) |
Murphy, P. (2021, April 21). Ireland’s sculptures: Where are the women? The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/visual-art/ireland-s-sculptures-where-are-the-women-1.4539459
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| Online course or MOOC | (Bloom, 2022) |
Bloom, P. (2022). Introduction to Psychology [MOOC]. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-psychology |
| Photograph (online collection) | (Leja, 2016) |
Leja, D. (2016, September 25). Beneficial gut bacteria [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/nihgov/29872812646 |
| Podcast |
(Groves et al., 2021)
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Groves, T., McMahon, M., & Baker, J. (Hosts). (2021, March 15). The Echo Chamber Podcast (No. 460) [Audio podcast episode]. In Universal basic income. The Tortoise Shack. https://tortoiseshack.ie/460-universal-basic-income/ |
| Radio Programme (online) | (Byrne, 2022) |
Byrne, C. (2022, March 7). Today with Claire Byrne [Radio broadcast]. RTE Radio 1. https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22070964/ |
| Report | (NCCA, 2017) | National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA). (2017). Transition from preschool to primary school (19). https://ncca.ie/en/resources/transition-research-report-no-19/ |
| Standard | (National Standards Authority of Ireland, 2020) |
National Standards Authority of Ireland. (2020). I.S. EN 17412-1: Building Information Modelling - Level of information need - Part 1: Concepts and Principles. N.S.A.I. http://www.saiglobal.com |
| Thesis | (Batts, 2022) |
Batts, L. (2022). Addressing cohort uncertainty through advanced length frequency and stage-based assessment models with application to anglerfish [Doctoral Dissertation, Atlantic Technological University]. Research@THEA. https://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/4357
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| TikTok | (Gaeilge le Jane, 2024) |
Gaeilge le Jane [gaeilgelejane]. (2024, 27 January). Cúpla focal [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@gaeilgelejane/video/7328808620429200672
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| TV Programme | (McAleer, 2020) |
McAleer, G. (Executive Producer). (2020, December 29). The real field [Television broadcast]. Dearg Films Production. |
| TV Episode | (Morton & Murphy, 2020) |
Morton, J. (Writer) & Murphy, I. (Director). (2020, November 1). Photochemistry [Television series episode]. In S. Murphy & D. Crean (Executive Producers). Dead Still. Deadpan Pictures. |
| (HSE Ireland, 2024) |
HSE Ireland. (2024, 19 June). There is no such thing as a safe suntan [X post]. X. https://x.com/HSELive/status/1803420000180425215
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| Video | (rbarriem, 2013) |
rbarriem. (2013, July 9). The Connemara pony [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J9EuwZuFvA |
| Webpage | (The Decision Lab, 2024) |
The Decision Lab. (2024). Classical conditioning. https://thedecisionlab.com/reference-guide/psychology/classical-conditioning / |
| Wikis |
("Climate Change," 2023) |
Climate change. (2023, September 8). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change |
