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Harvard Style

This guide describes the Harvard system of Citing and Referencing sources in academic work.

 

You should include page numbers in your citation if you are quoting directly from or using ideas from a specific page or set of pages.

 

Add the abbreviation p. (or pp. if more than one page) before the page number(s).


Morris (2023, p. 240) found that …

Citation when page numbers are not available

When referencing direct quotations from non-paginated sources (eBooks, online journal articles, web pages), make use of the information you have available to assist the reader in finding the quotation. For instance, you may count down paragraphs starting at the beginning of the document or use a paragraph number if one is provided.

 

‘AI systems could gain the trust of humans and influence decisions, helping lead to large-scale cybercrime and new kinds of threats in wars’ (Griffin, 2024, para. 5).

 

Time stamp when using Visual or Audio Sources

If you wish to refer to a specific time within a media, use a time code in your in-text reference, with the format minutes: seconds.

In-text Citation:

Lansbury (2024, 21:01) talks about a child finding it hard to accept a sibling.


Entry in the Reference List:

Lansbury, J. (2024) 7 Tools to empower your parenting: Respectful parenting: Janet Lansbury unruffled. 14 May. Available at: https://www.janetlansbury.com/2024/05/7-tools-to-empower-your-parenting/ (Accessed: 22 May 2024).

 


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